With this setting, only a local user can access the FTP server and can issue write commands. To accept FTP write commands, edit the following line: write_enable=YES To prevent anonymous logins, edit the following line: anonymous_enable=NO To allow all the local users added to the system to use FTP service, edit the following line: local_enable=YES Ssl_sslv3=YES Step 4: This includes other basic configurations TLS is considered to be more secure than SSL so we would definitely like to use it whenever required.
Rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.pem Step 3: Enable TLS For this, you can edit following lines as: ssl_enable=YESįorce_local_logins_ssl=YES Step 2: Mention the certificate and key file location. We would like to enable encryption not only for data transfer, but also for authentication process. You might need to find out the lines, or add them if they do not pre-exist. Now, let us edit the configuration file as per our requirements. Just like many services, vsftpd has its own configuration file, nf, which is located in /etc/vsftpd/nf for Red Hat-based systems and /etc/nf in Debian-based systems. Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) :Information TechnologyĬommon Name (eg, your name or your servers hostname) :My Test FTP ServerĮmail Address The vsftpd configuration partĪfter generating the SSL certificate, we need to instruct vsftpd to use that SSL certificate to carry out the encryption process. Organization Name (eg, company) :MyTestOrganizationLtd State or Province Name (full name) :Maharashtra If you enter ., the field will be left blank. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankįor some fields there will be a default value, What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated Writing new private key to /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.pem The output will be very similar to: Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
Once the above command is executed, you will be asked to provide some basic information. etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.pem -out /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.pem openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout \ By default (in RHEL), the rsa_cert_file will point to /usr/share/ssl/certs/vsftpd.pem.įor our convenience, lets put the certificate and the key in the same file, and store that file as / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.pem. It is very important to set the paths of both these files, as those must be mentioned in the vsftpd configuration file (Red Hat -/etc/vsftpd/nf and Debian – /etc/nf) in the rsa_cert_file and rsa_private_key_file variables. This step involves creating a SSL certificate file (rsa_cert_file) and RSA key file (rsa_private_key_file) that will be used by vsftpd for data encryption purposes.
#Linux ftp server install#
Yum install openssl Generating the SSL certificate and RSA key file In Red Hat Linux-based systems, you can run: yum install vsftpd To install openssl and vsftpd in Debian-based systems,
This article elaborates on the SFTP protocol in order to set up a secure FTP server using SSL certificates. SFTP uses an SSH connection to run file transfers over a secure channel, while FTPS uses cryptographic protocols such as SSL (Secure Socket Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security). Whenever the file transfer is initiated, all the data, including user credentials and passwords, get transferred in an unencrypted format, as plain text, which is considered to be very risky in any public network.Īs a security measure, we have two options that offer secure file transfer capabilities, which are SFTP and FTPS. But, when looked at from the security perspective, vsftpd has very few features to offer. It offers very basic features such as anonymous enabling/disabling, local enabling/disabling and chroot jail for the users. When it comes to the Linux operating system, the most popular package used to set up an FTP server is vsftpd or very secure FTP daemon. FTP defines a client-server architecture that uses two separate well-known ports for data (Port No 20, used for data transfer) and control (Port No 21, used for authentication) connections, in order to establish connectivity between the server and the client.
#Linux ftp server how to#
This article explains how to set up an FTPS server in Linux.įTP is a standardised network protocol and probably the quickest as well as easiest option available when a large chunk of data is to be transferred from one host to another, over a TCP-based network. To eliminate this risk, FTP offers encryption with the help of the SSL and TLS protocols. Vsftpd is a very popular package for FTP (File Transfer Protocol) but poses a security threat because it transfers vital data like usernames, passwords, etc, in plain text.
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